A novel Multi-Objective Flow Direction Algorithm (MOFDA) for complex engineering optimization is proposed. A hybrid leader selection mechanism replaces the traditional roulette wheel, enhancing convergence and diversity in Pareto-optimal solutions. MOFDA is tested on 31 benchmark functions and 11 engineering problems—including truss and beam design—demonstrating strong accuracy, stability, and solution diversity. Compared to MOMVO, MOMSA, MSSA, and MOGNDO, MOFDA achieves competitive or superior results. Integrated into a MATLAB–SAP2000 framework, it is also applied to optimize the Dong Bai ferry terminal steel frame in Vietnam, yielding significant weight reduction and structural efficiency.

Truong V.H.

 Samir Khatir

Thanh Cuong-Le