A novel optimization algorithm based on the mathematical properties of B-spline curves, referred to as the B-Spline Curves Optimizer (BSO), is proposed by the Center for Engineering Application & Technology Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City Open University. The proposed method presents a fundamental advancement in mathematical formulation compared with conventional optimization techniques. The central idea of BSO is to construct linear combinations of B-spline basis functions that represent a family of curves connecting the worst and best candidate solutions at each iteration. These curves define structured search regions around both extreme positions through the use of an open knot vector, enabling the algorithm to flexibly design search strategies that either exploit promising areas near the best solution or explore new regions near the worst one, thereby maintaining an effective balance between exploration and exploitation.

Minh, H.-L. and T. Cuong-Le, An integrated B-spline curves optimization framework with gradient learning capability for high-rise structural design and deep learning models. Applied Soft Computing, 2026: p. 114975.